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李超主治醫(yī)師 河南省腫瘤醫(yī)院 骨與軟組織科 今天學習一篇有Lisa Marie Kelley等于2020年發(fā)表于《JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY》的文章,題目:《Pathological Fracture and Prognosis of High-Grade Osteosarcoma of the Extremities: An Analysis of 2,847 Consecutive Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group (COSS) Patients》。 本篇文章講述的是探索病理性骨折與四肢原發(fā)性中央高級別骨肉瘤患者的預(yù)后之間的潛在的相關(guān)性。 方法:他們回顧性分析了從1984-2010年在連續(xù)合作的骨肉瘤研究(德國、奧地利、瑞士、捷克、匈牙利組)登記及治療的2847名四肢原發(fā)性中央高級別骨肉瘤骨肉瘤患者;預(yù)期治療包括術(shù)前及術(shù)后的化療和手術(shù)。所有患者進行單變量及多變量生存分析,分為成人及兒童患者(年齡﹤18 歲);在這些患者中,1980 -1990 年間診斷出 755 名患者 (27%), 1990 -2000 年間診斷出971名 (34%),2000 -2010 年間診斷出 1,121 名患者(39%)。 結(jié)果: 1、在2847患者有,有321(11.3%)名患者在新輔助化療前或期間出現(xiàn)病理性骨折,有2193名(77%)患者年齡小于18歲,中位年齡平均15.3歲,(范圍 2-71歲);成人組中位年齡24.5歲,兒童組中位年齡14.2歲。 2、在這些患者中0-10歲(n=370例)和年齡大于40歲(n=115)的患者發(fā)生病理性骨折的最多,其中在0-10歲的患者中有21.9%發(fā)生病理性骨折,在大于40歲的患者中,41-50歲患者中有23.2%發(fā)生病理性骨折,大于50歲的患者中發(fā)生病理性骨折大于30%。 3、2847名患者中有1291名患者在觀察期間出現(xiàn)不良事件,其中986例死亡,1,094例復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移,212例出現(xiàn)局部復(fù)發(fā),50例發(fā)生繼發(fā)性惡行腫瘤。組織學亞型:經(jīng)典型骨肉瘤(93.3%),毛細血管擴張骨肉瘤(5.9%)及小細胞型骨肉瘤(0.8%);初診確診肺轉(zhuǎn)移的患者占14.8%。 4、在單變量分析中,有或者無病理性骨折患者的(PF)5 年總體生存率 (OAS) 分別為 63% 和 71% (P = .007),5 年無事件生存率 (EFS) 分別為 51% 和 58% (P = .026);在兒童患者中,PF 患者和非 PF 患者之間OAS 和 EFS 沒有顯著差異;有病理性骨折患者5年和10年總生存率為68.5%和64.8%;無病理性骨折患者5年和10年總生存率為71.0%%和65.%((P = .649))。在成人中,有和沒有 病理性骨折(PF )的患者的 5 年 OAS 為 46%和69% (P﹤.001),5 年 EFS 分別為 36% 和 56% (P ﹤.001)。在多變量分析中,PF 不是總隊列或兒童患者中 OAS 或 EFS 的統(tǒng)計顯著因素。在成年患者中,PF仍然是 OAS 的獨立預(yù)后因素(P = .013;風險比 [HR],1.893),但這不是一個重要的EFS 的預(yù)后因素(P = .263;HR,1.312)。 結(jié)論:在這項迄今研究患者最多的四肢原發(fā)性骨肉瘤中,病理性骨折的發(fā)生與成人較低總的生存率相關(guān),與兒童組不相關(guān)。2022年01月18日
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陶可主治醫(yī)師 北京大學人民醫(yī)院 骨關(guān)節(jié)科 老年患者髖部骨折是即刻還是延遲手術(shù)?2017年奧地利:手術(shù)時機對60歲或以上急性髖部骨折患者健康結(jié)果的影響 作者:Thomas Klestil, Christoph R?der, Christoph Stotter, Birgit Winkler, Stefan Nehrer, Martin Lutz, Irma Klerings, Gernot Wagner, Gerald Gartlehner, Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit 作者單位: Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, LK Baden-M?dling-Hainburg, Waltersdorferstra?e 75, 2500, Baden, Austria. thomas.klestil@donau-uni.ac.at. 譯者:陶可(北京大學人民醫(yī)院骨關(guān)節(jié)科) 摘要 背景:髖部骨折是老年人群的主要公共衛(wèi)生問題,并伴有高死亡率。手術(shù)時機是否對致殘率和死亡率有影響一直存在爭議,許多研究表明手術(shù)延遲會顯著增加致殘率和死亡率的風險;其他人報告說,實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定的生命狀況比早期手術(shù)更重要。我們系統(tǒng)評價的目的是評估手術(shù)時機對60歲或以上急性髖部骨折患者健康結(jié)果的影響。此外,我們將根據(jù)人口統(tǒng)計學特征、身體狀況和抗凝藥物的使用,調(diào)查患者亞組中手術(shù)時機的有益或有害影響的差異。 方法:我們將通過Ovid、Cochrane圖書館、Embase、PubMed和臨床試驗注冊中心(1997年至2017年)系統(tǒng)地搜索MEDLINE。此外,我們將搜索相關(guān)評論的參考列表、骨科學會年會檔案,并聯(lián)系專家。我們將納入隨機對照試驗和非隨機研究,以英文或德文發(fā)表,評估60歲或以上患者髖部骨折后手術(shù)時機的影響。我們感興趣的結(jié)果包括健康結(jié)果,例如死亡率、圍手術(shù)期并發(fā)癥、功能能力和生活質(zhì)量。如果我們至少有三項足夠相似的研究,我們計劃進行薈萃分析。如果數(shù)據(jù)充足,我們將進行亞組分析,測試年齡組、性別、用ASA(美國麻醉醫(yī)師協(xié)會)評分評估的患者身體狀況以及抗凝藥物的使用之間的差異。 討論:由于這是自2010年以來對該主題的第一次系統(tǒng)評價,我們的研究結(jié)果將有助于為有關(guān)髖部骨折手術(shù)時機的臨床實踐指南提供信息。此外,我們的研究結(jié)果可能有助于為不同組的急性髖部骨折患者確定手術(shù)的最佳時間段。 系統(tǒng)評價注冊:PROSPERO 2017 CRD42017058216。 關(guān)鍵詞:早期手術(shù);老年;老年病學;髖部骨折;發(fā)病率;死亡;手術(shù)延誤;手術(shù)時機。 討論 我們的方案介紹了系統(tǒng)評價的方法學方法,該方法將評估手術(shù)時間對老年急性髖部骨折患者的影響。此外,該綜述將重點關(guān)注手術(shù)時機對亞組的影響差異,例如使用抗凝藥物的患者或具有不同ASA身體狀態(tài)的患者。據(jù)我們所知,我們的綜述將是近十年來系統(tǒng)總結(jié)這些臨床相關(guān)問題的文獻的第一項研究。 老年患者急性髖部骨折后手術(shù)延遲很常見,這可歸因于幾個因素。例如,國家醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)和醫(yī)院基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施之間的差異會影響手術(shù)干預(yù)的時機[30]。具體而言,在擁有多個外科學科的醫(yī)院中,對有限的急性手術(shù)能力(例如,手術(shù)室)的競爭可能會決定手術(shù)的時機。全面的最新證據(jù)綜合可以為優(yōu)先考慮早期髖關(guān)節(jié)手術(shù)提供基礎(chǔ)。 導(dǎo)致手術(shù)延遲的另一個因素是抗凝藥物,尤其是新型口服抗凝劑(NOAC)。許多髖部骨折患者接受抗凝藥物治療[45-47]。對于一些NOAC,目前沒有可用的特定解毒劑來阻斷其活性[48-50]。因此,醫(yī)生通常更愿意等待這種藥物的效果消失后再對患者進行手術(shù)。然而,這種方法是有爭議的,因為研究聲稱接受NOAC治療的患者在早期手術(shù)中存活下來,沒有任何不利的健康影響[51, 52]。我們希望我們的審查能夠更好地了解這一臨床上重要的問題。 最后,出現(xiàn)了各種評估患者健康狀況的方案[53, 54]。一些作者認為,在進行任何手術(shù)之前,健康狀況不佳的患者必須在醫(yī)學上穩(wěn)定下來,以避免手術(shù)干預(yù)造成的傷害[55]。迄今為止,尚不清楚延遲手術(shù)是否對身體狀況不佳的患者有益。 總體而言,我們相信,對老年髖部骨折患者手術(shù)時機的最佳現(xiàn)有證據(jù)的全面總結(jié)將對臨床實踐指南產(chǎn)生影響,并最終改善患者護理。 文獻出處:Thomas Klestil, Christoph R?der, Christoph Stotter, Birgit Winkler, Stefan Nehrer, Martin Lutz, Irma Klerings, Gernot Wagner, Gerald Gartlehner, Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit. Immediate versus delayed surgery for hip fractures in the elderly patients: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-Analysis, Syst Rev. 2017 Aug 15;6(1):164. doi: 10.1186/s13643-017-0559-7. Immediate versus delayed surgery for hip fractures in the elderly patients: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis Abstract Background: Hip fractures are a major public health problem in elderly populations and are accompanied by high-mortality rates. Whether timing of surgery has an impact on morbidity and mortality has been discussed controversially, numerous studies suggest that the delay of surgery can significantly increase the risk of morbidity and mortality; others report that achieving a stable medical condition is more important than early surgery. The goal of our systematic review is to assess the impact of timing of surgery on health outcomes in patients aged 60 years or older with acute hip fracture. In addition, we will investigate differences in beneficial or harmful effects of timing of surgery in subgroups of patients based on demographic characteristics, physical status, and the use of anticoagulant medications. Methods: We will systematically search MEDLINE via Ovid, the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and clinical trial registries (from 1997 to 2017). In addition, we will search reference lists of pertinent reviews, archives of annual meetings of orthopaedic societies, and contact experts. We will include randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies assessing the impact of timing of surgery after hip fracture in patients 60 years or older, published in English or German. Our outcomes of interest include health outcomes such as mortality, perioperative complications, functional capacity, and quality of life. We plan to perform meta-analyses if we have at least three sufficiently similar studies. If data are sufficient, we will conduct subgroup-analyses testing for differences between age groups, sex, patients' physical status as assessed with ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) scores, and the use of anticoagulation. Discussion: Since this is the first systematic review on this topic since 2010, our findings will help to inform clinical practice guidelines concerning timing of surgery in hip fractures. Furthermore, our findings could contribute to define an optimal time period for surgery for different groups of patients with acute hip fracture. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2017 CRD42017058216. Keywords: Early surgery; Elderly; Geriatric; Hip fractures; Morbidity; Mortality; Surgical delay; Timing of surgery. Discussion Our protocol presents the methodological approach of a systematic review that will assess the effect of timing of surgery in elderly patients with acute hip fractures. In addition, the review will focus on differences of the impact of timing of surgery in subgroups such as patients on anticoagulation medication or patients with different ASA physical statuses. To our knowledge, our review will be the first study that systematically summarizes the literature on these clinically relevant questions in almost a decade. Delays in surgeries after acute hip fracture in elderly patients are common and attributable to several factors. For example, differences between national healthcare systems and infrastructures of hospitals can influence timing of surgical interventions [30]. Specifically, in hospitals with several surgical disciplines, a competition for limited acute surgical capacities (e.g., operating rooms) may determine the timing of surgery. A comprehensive up-to-date evidence synthesis could provide the basis to prioritise early hip surgery. Another factor contributing to delayed surgery is anticoagulant medications, particularly new oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Many patients suffering from hip fractures are treated with anticoagulant medication [45–47]. For some NOACs, no specific antidotes to block their activity are currently available [48–50]. Doctors, therefore, often prefer to wait for the effects of this medication to wear off prior to operating on the patient. Such an approach, however, is controversial because studies have claimed that patients treated with NOACs survive early surgery without any adverse health effects [51, 52]. We hope that our review will provide better insight into this clinically important matter. Finally, various routines for assessing a patient’s health status have emerged [53, 54]. Some authors argue that patients with a poor health status must be medically stabilized before any surgery can be performed to avoid harm as a consequence of the surgical intervention [55]. To date, it remains unclear if delayed surgery is beneficial for patients with a poor physical status. Overall, we are confident that a comprehensive summary of the best available evidence on timing of surgery for elderly patients with hip fractures will have an impact on clinical practice guidelines and will ultimately improve patient care. Fig. 1 Analytic framework 圖1 分析框架 Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria 表1 納入排除標準2022年01月17日
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